Biography & contributions
Antoine Lavoisier [Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier] French chemist was born on August 26, 1743 – died on May 08, 1794. Lavoisier considered as Father of modern chemistry and was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology.
In 1783, he was the first person to succeed in determining the composition of water and in synthesizing the compound from its elements.
Lavoisier coined name as oxygen in the year of 1778 and hydrogen in the year of 1783 and also predicted silicon in the year of 1778.
He helped construct the metric system, put together the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature.
Lavoisier was also the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than a compound. Lavoisier made advancements in mineralogy, ballooning, street lighting, and even established a model farm.
He carefully weighed the reactants and products in a chemical reaction, which was a crucial step in the advancement of chemistry.He showed proofs of the first version of the law of conservation of mass.
Antoine Lavoisier contributed to early ideas on composition and chemical changes by believing that radicals combine with oxygen in reactions.
He also introduced the possibility of allotropy in chemical elements when he discovered that diamond is a crystalline form of carbon.
Lavoisier investigated the composition of water and air, which at the time were considered elements.
He determined that the components of water were oxygen and hydrogen and with the help of experiments he concluded the water to be compound not an element on 12 November 1783.
Law of conservation of mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter can be changed from one form into another, mixtures can be separated or made, and pure substances can be decomposed, but the total amount of mass remains constant. The Law of Conservation of Mass is useful for a number of calculations and can be used to solve for unknown masses, such the amount of gas consumed or produced during a reaction.
The Law of Conservation of Mass holds true because naturally occurring elements are very stable at the conditions found on the surface of the Earth. Most elements come from fusion reactions found only in stars or supernovae.
Therefore, in the everyday world of Earth, from the peak of the highest mountain to the depths of the deepest ocean, atoms are not converted to other elements during chemical reactions.
Living organisms are primarily made of six elements
Though most ecosystems contain so many individual reactions each of these reactions must obey the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Read More: Father of Chemistry
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